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Counting Small Items

Japanese Counter for Small Objects – How to Count Small Items

Learn how to count small objects in Japanese using 個

Counting Small Items in Japanese

In Japanese, small physical objects are often counted with the counter 「個(こ / ko)」.

This counter is very common in daily life and is used for many separate, countable items such as apples, eggs, candies, balls, boxes, fruits, buttons, stones, and other small objects.

What is 「個(こ / ko)」?
「個(こ / ko)」 is a counter used for small, physical, individual items. It is one of the most useful counters in Japanese because it can be used for many everyday objects.

Basic Pattern
The counter is usually read as こ(ko), but with some numbers the pronunciation changes slightly.

1個(いっこ / ikko)
2個(にこ / niko)
3個(さんこ / sanko)
4個(よんこ / yonko)
5個(ごこ / goko)
6個(ろっこ / rokko)
7個(ななこ / nanako)
8個(はっこ / hakko)
9個(きゅうこ / kyuuko)
10個(じゅっこ / jukko)

Important Sound Changes
Some numbers change their sound before 「個(こ / ko)」:
1個(いっこ / ikko)
6個(ろっこ / rokko)
8個(はっこ / hakko)
10個(じゅっこ / jukko / じっこ / jikko)

Example Sentences
りんごを1個(いっこ / ikko)ください。
(ringo o ikko kudasai - Please give me one apple.)

たまごを2個(にこ / niko)かいました。
(tamago o niko kaimashita - I bought two eggs.)

はこのなかに3個(さんこ / sanko)あります。
(hako no naka ni sanko arimasu - There are three items in the box.)

Note:
Japanese also uses 「つ(tsu)」 for counting the first 10 items: ひとつ(hitotsu), ふたつ(futatsu), みっつ(mittsu) etc.

Both are correct:
りんごをひとつ(hitotsu)ください。
りんごを1個(いっこ / ikko)ください。

However, 「個(こ / ko)」 is more natural when counting actual small objects.
1
一個
Hiragana
いっこ
Romaji
ikko
Meaning
one small item
Description
The reading changes from いちこ to いっこ for natural pronunciation.
2
二個
Hiragana
にこ
Romaji
niko
Meaning
two small items
3
三個
Hiragana
さんこ
Romaji
sanko
Meaning
three small items
4
四個
Hiragana
よんこ
Romaji
yonko
Meaning
four small items
Description
よんこ is the standard and most natural reading for learners.
5
五個
Hiragana
ごこ
Romaji
goko
Meaning
five small items
6
六個
Hiragana
ろっこ
Romaji
rokko
Meaning
six small items
Description
The reading changes from ろくこ to ろっこ for easier pronunciation.
7
七個
Hiragana
ななこ / しちこ
Romaji
nanako / shichiko
Meaning
seven small items
Description
ななこ is easier and very natural for learners. しちこ may also be heard.
8
八個
Hiragana
はっこ
Romaji
hakko
Meaning
eight small items
Description
The reading changes from はちこ to はっこ for natural pronunciation.
9
九個
Hiragana
きゅうこ
Romaji
kyuuko
Meaning
nine small items
10
十個
Hiragana
じゅっこ / じっこ
Romaji
jukko / jikko
Meaning
ten small items
Description
Both じゅっこ and じっこ are used. じゅっこ is very common in learning materials.
11
十一個
Hiragana
じゅういっこ
Romaji
juuikko
Meaning
eleven small items
Description
The final part follows the sound pattern of 1個, so it becomes いっこ.
12
十二個
Hiragana
じゅうにこ
Romaji
juuniko
Meaning
twelve small items
13
十三個
Hiragana
じゅうさんこ
Romaji
juusanko
Meaning
thirteen small items
14
十四個
Hiragana
じゅうよんこ / じゅうしこ
Romaji
juuyonko / juushiko
Meaning
fourteen small items
Description
じゅうよんこ is more natural and easier for learners.
15
十五個
Hiragana
じゅうごこ
Romaji
juugoko
Meaning
fifteen small items
16
十六個
Hiragana
じゅうろっこ
Romaji
juurokko
Meaning
sixteen small items
Description
The final part follows the sound pattern of 6個, so it becomes ろっこ.
17
十七個
Hiragana
じゅうななこ / じゅうしちこ
Romaji
juunanako / juushichiko
Meaning
seventeen small items
Description
じゅうななこ is natural and easy for learners.
18
十八個
Hiragana
じゅうはっこ
Romaji
juuhakko
Meaning
eighteen small items
Description
The final part follows the sound pattern of 8個, so it becomes はっこ.
19
十九個
Hiragana
じゅうきゅうこ
Romaji
juukyuuko
Meaning
nineteen small items
20
二十個
Hiragana
にじゅっこ / にじっこ
Romaji
nijukko / nijikko
Meaning
twenty small items
Description
Both にじゅっこ and にじっこ are used. The sound changes because of 個.
りんごを一個食べました。
Hiragana
りんごをいっこたべました。
Romaji
ringo o ikko tabemashita
Meaning
I ate one apple.
卵を二個買いました。
Hiragana
たまごをにこかいました。
Romaji
tamago o niko kaimashita
Meaning
I bought two eggs.
キャンディーを三個もらいました。
Hiragana
キャンディーをさんこもらいました。
Romaji
kyandii o sanko moraimashita
Meaning
I received three candies.
箱の中にボールが四個あります。
Hiragana
はこのなかにボールがよんこあります。
Romaji
hako no naka ni booru ga yonko arimasu
Meaning
There are four balls in the box.
机の上にケーキが五個あります。
Hiragana
つくえのうえにケーキがごこあります。
Romaji
tsukue no ue ni keeki ga goko arimasu
Meaning
There are five cakes on the desk.
棚に箱が六個並んでいます。
Hiragana
たなにはこがろっこならんでいます。
Romaji
tana ni hako ga rokko narandeimasu
Meaning
Six boxes are lined up on the shelf.
お菓子を七個買いました。
Hiragana
おかしをななこかいました。
Romaji
okashi o nanako kaimashita
Meaning
I bought seven sweets.
皿の上にクッキーが八個あります。
Hiragana
さらのうえにクッキーがはっこあります。
Romaji
sara no ue ni kukkii ga hakko arimasu
Meaning
There are eight cookies on the plate.
箱にボールが九個入っています。
Hiragana
はこにボールがきゅうこはいっています。
Romaji
hako ni booru ga kyuuko haitteimasu
Meaning
Nine balls are inside the box.
りんごを十個買いました。
Hiragana
りんごをじゅっこかいました。
Romaji
ringo o jukko kaimashita
Meaning
I bought ten apples.

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