Onyomi: エツ, オツ · Kunyomi: -こ.す, -ご.え, -ご.し, こ.える, こ.す · Meanings: Vietnam, cross over, exceed, move to, surpass
Kanji for vietnam, cross over, exceed, move to, surpass
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The kanji 越 combines the movement radical 走 (to run) with the phonetic and symbolic part 戉 (an ancient weapon or tool, similar to an axe). In ancient script, this showed someone running while carrying a tool or weapon — moving forward with effort and determination. Over time, it came to represent the act of crossing over barriers or boundaries, like running beyond a hill or surpassing limits. The idea of overcoming obstacles — physically or metaphorically — is at the heart of 越.
越 joins 走 (run) and 戉 (a tool or axe), expressing strong, forward movement. It represents crossing over something or going beyond — surpassing limits or boundaries.
Imagine yourself running (走) with determination, using an axe (戉) to clear a path through obstacles — that’s 越, the act of going beyond and crossing over.
| Word | Reading | Meaning | Meta |
|---|---|---|---|
| 越 | えつ | Yue (kingdom in ancient China; 6th century-334 BCE) | Noun |
| 越える | こえる | to cross over, to cross, to pass through, to pass over (out of), to go beyond, to go past | common JLPT-N3 JLPT-N2 Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |
| 越す | こす | to cross over (e.g. mountain), to go across | common JLPT-N3 JLPT-N2 Godan verb with 'su' ending |
| 越幾斯 | エキス | extract (of plants, meat, etc.), essence, concentrate, concentrated stock | common Noun |
| 落ち度 | おちど | mistake, error, fault, slip, blunder, omission, oversight, lapse | common Noun |
| 越し | ごし | across, over, beyond, through, crossing | common Noun, used as a suffix |
| 越権行為 | えっけんこうい | exceeding one's authority, abusing one's legal authority, ultra vires activities | Noun |
| 越冬 | えっとう | passing the winter, hibernation | common Noun, Suru verb, Intransitive verb |
| 越後 | えちご | Echigo (former province located in present-day Niigata Prefecture) | common Noun |
| 越年 | えつねん | seeing the old year out, greeting the New Year, passing the winter, hibernation | common Noun, Suru verb, Intransitive verb |