Onyomi: コク · Kunyomi: きざ.み, きざ.む · Meanings: carving, chop, cut fine, engrave, hash, mince, time
Kanji for carving, chop, cut fine, engrave, hash
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刻 combines the knife radical 刂 with the character 亥, which once depicted something being pierced or divided. Ancient scribes imagined cutting into material—stone, wood, or even time itself. The knife (刂) represents the sharp tool, while 亥 carries the meaning of splitting or marking. Together, they formed the idea of carving precise lines or making small cuts. Because marking time was done by carving notches into wood, the kanji also took on the meaning of “time” as in moments that are sharply divided. Thus, 刻 came to mean “to carve,” “to engrave,” and “to mark time.”
刻 shows a knife (刂) cutting or marking (亥), expressing carving or dividing time into precise moments.
Picture a knife (刂) carving small marks (亥) into wood to track time passing. Each cut is a moment—this is 刻.
| Word | Reading | Meaning | Meta |
|---|---|---|---|
| 時 | とき | time, hour, moment | common JLPT-N3 Noun |
| 刻 | こく | period of time (usu. a period of approx. two hours corresponding to one of the signs of the Chinese zodiac) | common Noun |
| 刻 | きざ | scratch | Noun |
| 刻む | きざむ | to mince, to cut fine, to chop up, to hash, to shred | common JLPT-N2 Godan verb with 'mu' ending, Transitive verb |
| 刻々 | こっこく | moment by moment, hour by hour | common Adverb (fukushi), Adverb taking the 'to' particle |
| 刻みつける | きざみつける | to engrave, to carve out | Ichidan verb, Transitive verb |
| 刻み込む | きざみこむ | to etch (name, etc.), to carve (design) | Godan verb with 'mu' ending, Transitive verb |
| 刻苦 | こっく | hard work | Noun, Suru verb, Intransitive verb |
| ギザギザ | ギザギザ | notches, serration, indentation, jaggies (stair-step artifacts in computer images) | common Noun |
| 刻み | きざみ | mincing, cutting, chopping, notch, nick | common Noun |