Onyomi: サン, ザン · Kunyomi: そこな.う, のこ.す, のこ.り, のこ.る · Meanings: balance, leftover, remainder
Kanji for balance, leftover, remainder
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残 is made from 歹, meaning “remains” or “something broken or left behind,” and 戈, meaning “weapon.” After a battle, broken weapons and damaged things are left behind. From this idea of what stays after damage or loss, 残 came to mean to remain, be left over, or be leftover.
After something is damaged, what stays behind is 残.
Think of broken things left after a fight. What remains is 残.
| Word | Reading | Meaning | Meta |
|---|---|---|---|
| 残 | ざん | remainder, the rest, what is left | Noun, Prefix |
| 残念 | ざんねん | regrettable, unfortunate, disappointing, vexing | common JLPT-N4 Na-adjective (keiyodoshi), Noun |
| 残る | のこる | to remain, to be left | common JLPT-N4 Godan verb with 'ru' ending, Intransitive verb |
| 残す | のこす | to leave (behind) | common JLPT-N3 Godan verb with 'su' ending, Transitive verb |
| 残り | のこり | remainder, remnant, the rest, what is left, balance, leftovers | common JLPT-N3 Noun, Noun which may take the genitive case particle 'no' |
| 残らず | のこらず | all, entirely, completely, without exception | common JLPT-N2 Adverb (fukushi) |
| 残酷 | ざんこく | cruel, brutal, ruthless, merciless, inhuman | common JLPT-N1 Na-adjective (keiyodoshi), Noun |
| 残高 | ざんだか | (bank) balance, remainder | common JLPT-N1 Noun |
| 残金 | ざんきん | remaining money | JLPT-N1 Noun |
| 残飯 | ざんぱん | leftover food, leftovers, food scraps | Noun |