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← All Lessons 26–50

Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 44

Complete Grammar Lesson

Describing too much, too easy and too hard: ~すぎます, ~やすい / ~にくい, adjective + します, Nにします, and adverbial adjective forms, with furigana, real-life examples, comparisons, common mistakes, and practice.

Lesson 44 in one sentence: this lesson teaches how to say something is too much, easy or hard to do, how to make something become a certain way, how to choose one option, and how to describe the way an action is performed.

Lesson 44 at a glance

1. ~すぎます

Too much / too many / excessively.

2. ~やすい / ~にくい

Easy to do / hard to do; also likely or unlikely to happen.

3. ~く / ~にします

Make something become a certain state.

4. Nにします

Choose / decide on an option.

5. Adjective + Verb

Do an action in a particular way: small, quiet, careful, detailed, etc.

1. ~すぎます — “too much / excessively”

すぎます comes from , meaning “to pass,” “to go beyond,” or “to exceed.” When attached to a verb or adjective, it means that an action or quality goes beyond an appropriate or expected level.

A useful mental image is a limit line. If something crosses that line, it becomes “too much.” That is the basic feeling of ~すぎる.

A. Verb stem + すぎます

Verb ます-form minus ます + すぎます

This means “do something too much”, “overdo something”, or “do something excessively.”

Verb Stem With すぎます Meaning
drink too much
eat too much
put in too much
work too much
do too much / overdo it

Sakuya, osake o nomisugimashita.

I drank too much alcohol last night.

Nomisugita node, atama ga itai desu.

My head hurts because I drank too much.

Nomisuginaide kudasai.

Please don't drink too much.

I put in too much sugar.

I ate too much. I'm full.

You work too much. Why don't you take a little rest?

B. い-adjective + すぎます

い-adjective: remove い + すぎます

expensive → too expensive

big → too big

kind → too kind

Rent in New York is too expensive.

This sweater is too big for me.

The questions on this test are too easy.

Useful pattern: often means “too ~ for N.”
Example: = These shoes are too expensive for me.

C. な-adjective + すぎます

な-adjective: do NOT add な + すぎます

handsome → too handsome

quiet → too quiet

Someone who is too handsome is a little... [not really my preference].

This room is too quiet.

Common mistake:

D. How ~すぎる conjugates

Once ~すぎる is attached, the whole expression behaves like a Group 2 verb.

Form Example Meaning
Polite drink too much
Plain drink too much
Negative not drink too much
Past drank too much
て-form drinking too much and...
Negative request Please don't drink too much.
Everyday Japanese: textbook examples often use ~すぎる for undesirable excess, but modern conversation also uses it enthusiastically: = “That's way too cute!” / “So cute!” The grammar is the same; the emotional effect depends on context.

2. Vます-stem + やすい / にくい

Verb stem + やすい = easy to do / tends to happen Verb stem + にくい = difficult to do / does not tend to happen easily

Start with the ます-form, remove ます, then add やすい or にくい.

Verb Stem Easy to... Hard to...

A. Easy / difficult for a person to do

Kono apuri wa tsukaiyasui desu.

This app is easy to use.

Sensei no setsumei wa wakariyasui desu.

The teacher's explanation is easy to understand.

Hashi de wa tabenikui desu.

It is difficult to eat with chopsticks.

Do you have a chair that is easy to adjust?

Grammar role: ~やすい and ~にくい behave like い-adjectives. That means they can modify nouns and conjugate like い-adjectives.

B. Conjugating ~やすい / ~にくい

Form やすい example にくい example
Present affirmative
Negative
Past
Adverbial

If you mix this medicine with water, it becomes easier to take.

This car's window glass is hard to break, so it is safe.

C. “Tends to happen easily” / “doesn't happen easily”

~やすい and ~にくい are not limited to a person's deliberate actions. They can also describe the likelihood or tendency of something happening.

On snowy days, it is easy to slip on the road.

White shirts get dirty easily.

Laundry does not dry easily on rainy days.

This usage is especially common when talking about products, materials, weather, roads, software, machines, habits, and physical properties: “easy to break,” “hard to stain,” “easy to understand,” “hard to forget,” and so on.

Important nuance: にくい vs できない

This writing is difficult to read. It can be read, but reading it is difficult.

I cannot read this writing. This describes inability, not merely difficulty.

3. い-adjective → ~くします / な-adjective・noun → ~にします

This pattern means “make something become...” or “change something into a certain state.” There is usually a person or agent intentionally causing the change.

い-adjective: remove い + く + します な-adjective: adjective + に + します Noun: noun + に + します
This is the transitive counterpart of ~くなります / ~になります. With なる, something becomes a state. With する, someone makes it that way.

A. い-adjective → ~くします

Adjective Adverb form With します Meaning
make bigger
make smaller
make shorter
make brighter

My bangs have become long. Please make them a little shorter.

Please make the sound a little quieter/lower.

I made the screen brighter.

B. な-adjective → ~にします

clean / tidy → make clean / tidy up

quiet → make quiet

Please wait a moment. I'll tidy the room.

I turned off the TV and made the room quiet.

C. Noun + にします — make something into a noun/state

There is too much rice. Please make it half.

I made this photo my icon.

We'll turn this room into a meeting room.

4. Nにします — “I'll choose / decide on N”

Noun + にします

The same shape Nにします also has another very common use: choosing one option from several possibilities.

In restaurants, hotels, shopping, and everyday decision-making, Nにします often corresponds naturally to: “I'll have N,” “I'll take N,” “I'll go with N,” or “I've decided on N.”

At a hotel

A: Would you like a single or a twin room?

B: I'll take the single room.

Choosing lunch

A: What shall we have for lunch?

B: We had Japanese food yesterday, so let's have Western food today.

Which will you have, coffee or tea?

Then I'll have coffee.

Nにします vs Nになります

I'll choose curry for lunch. I am making the decision.

The schedule became next week / was changed to next week. The sentence focuses on the resulting state, not necessarily your decision.

5. Adjective adverb form + Verb — “do something in a certain way”

Adjectives normally describe nouns, but they can also describe how an action is performed. To do this, change the adjective into its adverbial form.

い-adjective: remove い + く + Verb な-adjective: adjective + に + Verb

A. い-adjective → ~く + Verb

Adjective Adverb form Example meaning
into small pieces / in a small way
in detail
early / quickly
carefully / with care

Yasai o chiisaku kitte kudasai.

Please cut the vegetables into small pieces.

Mita koto o kuwashiku setsumei shite kudasai.

Please explain in detail what you saw.

B. な-adjective → ~に + Verb

Mō sukoshi shizuka ni hanashite kudasai.

Please speak a little more quietly.

Please explain it more simply.

Let's use electricity and water carefully / responsibly.

Important: does not literally mean “use importantly.” Natural English is “use with care,” “take good care of,” or “use responsibly.”

6. Important comparisons

A. ~すぎる vs とても

This shop is very expensive. Very does not automatically mean “excessive.”

This shop is too expensive. The price exceeds what is considered suitable or acceptable.

B. ~やすい / ~にくい vs potential form

This book is easy to read.

I can read this book. This expresses ability/possibility, not ease.

C. ~くなります / ~になります vs ~くします / ~にします

Pattern Meaning Example
~くなります / ~になります Something becomes...
~くします / ~にします Someone makes something...
Notice the particle difference too:
が + なります often marks the thing that changes.
を + します often marks the thing that someone changes.

D. Nにします has two meanings

We will turn this room into a meeting room.

I'll choose curry for lunch.

The sentence context tells you whether にします means change something into N or choose N.

7. Real-life mini conversations

At a restaurant

A: What will you have?

B: I'll have this pasta. But if the portion is too large, I'll eat only half.

Choosing software

A: How is this app?

B: It's easy to use, but the text is too small.

At the hair salon

A: What would you like to do with your bangs?

B: Please make them a little shorter. Please don't make them too short.

Talking about weather and laundry

A: I wonder if it's okay to do laundry today.

B: Laundry doesn't dry easily on rainy days, so tomorrow would be better.

8. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: leaving い before すぎます

Mistake 2: adding な before すぎます

Mistake 3: attaching やすい / にくい to the dictionary form

Mistake 4: confusing “become” and “make”
= The room became brighter.
= I made the room brighter.
Mistake 5: forgetting に with な-adjectives used adverbially

9. Master cheat sheet

Grammar How to form it Core meaning
Vすぎます Verb stem + すぎます do too much
い-adj + すぎます remove い + すぎます too adjective
な-adj + すぎます remove な + すぎます too adjective
Vやすい Verb stem + やすい easy to / tends to happen
Vにくい Verb stem + にくい hard to / doesn't happen easily
い-adjくします remove い + くします make something adjective
な-adjにします adjective + にします make something adjective
Nにします noun + にします make into N / choose N
い-adjく + V remove い + く + verb do something in that manner
な-adjに + V adjective + に + verb do something in that manner

10. Practice

A. Make ~すぎます

B. Choose やすい or にくい

  1. This pen is easy to write with.
  2. This kanji is difficult to remember.
  3. White clothes get dirty easily.
  1. やすい
  2. にくい
  3. やすい

C. Translate into Japanese

  1. This bag is too heavy.
  2. This app is easy to use.
  3. Please make the sound a little quieter/lower.
  4. I'll have coffee.
  5. Please explain it more simply.
  6. Laundry does not dry easily on rainy days.

Sample answers — other natural wordings are also correct.

11. Final memory rules

Something goes beyond the suitable level: “too much / too ~.”

Easy or difficult to do; likely or unlikely to happen.

Something becomes a new state.

Someone deliberately changes something.

Choose or decide on N.