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Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 16 · JLPT N5

Linking Actions and Descriptions

Join several actions in order with the , join adjectives with , say “after doing” with , describe features with , and ask .

How to use this lesson: Until now each sentence could hold only one verb. With the て-form as a “connector”, you can describe your whole morning in one breath. Remember the golden rule: the last verb decides the tense of the entire sentence.

Lesson 16 at a glance

1. V1て、V2て、V3

Do A, then B, then C.

2. くて / で

Joining adjectives and nouns.

3. Vてから

After doing A, do B.

4. N1はN2が adj.

Long hair, tall height…

1. V1て、V2て、V3 — a series of actions

V1 て、V2 て、V3 ます / ました

Asa okite, kao o aratte, koohii o nomimasu.

In the morning I get up, wash my face, and drink coffee.

On Sunday I did the laundry, cleaned, and went shopping.

Get on the train at Shinjuku Station and get off at the second stop.

Tense lives at the end. In the second example, and have no tense of their own — makes the whole chain past. The order of the て-forms is the order things happened.

2. ~くて / ~で — joining descriptions

TypeRuleExample
い-adj.
な-adj.
Noun

Tomu-san wa akarukute, omoshiroi desu.

Tom is cheerful and funny.

This apartment is convenient and cheap.

Lin is Vietnamese, and she's a student at Touzai University.

Only join descriptions that “point the same way”. Positive + negative needs (but):
❌
✅

3. V1てから、V2 — “after doing V1, V2”

V1 て から、V2

Stronger than a plain て-chain: it stresses that V1 must finish before V2 starts.

Shigoto ga owatte kara, jimu e ikimasu.

After work, I'm going to the gym.

Wash your hands before you eat. (lit. after washing your hands, eat)

I started studying Japanese after I came to Japan.

Inside a clause, the subject takes が, not は: .

4. N1 は N2 が adj. — describing features

N1 は N2 が adj. です。

N1 is the topic (who or what you're describing); N2 is the part or feature.

Sara-san wa kami ga mijikai desu.

Sara has short hair. (lit. As for Sara, hair is short.)

Osaka has delicious food.

What is Hokkaido famous for? — Things like ramen and milk.

My older brother is tall and has big eyes.

5. どうやって — “How (by what method)?”

How do you get to the airport?

Take the bus from Tokyo Station and get off at the last stop.

Also useful: — which one (of several):

6. Real life: using an ATM

Excuse me, could you show me how to use this? — First insert your card here and enter your PIN. — OK. — Then enter the amount and press the confirm button.

7. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: putting tense on each verb

Mistake 2: な-adjective with くて

Mistake 3: いくて

8. Cheat sheet

PatternMeaningExample
A, then B, then C
… and …
after doing A
N1 has (adj.) N2
how / by what method

9. Practice

A. Join into one sentence

B. Translate into Japanese

  1. After I finish my homework, I'll play games.
  2. Kyoto has many temples. (temples = お寺)
  3. How do you make this? (make = 作ります)

Final memory map

Many actions

Many descriptions

After

Features