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← All Lessons 1–25

Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 1 · JLPT N5

Introducing Yourself in Japanese

Your very first Japanese sentences: , the negative , questions with , for “also”, for “of”, and how to use politely.

How to use this lesson: Lesson 1 gives you the skeleton that almost every Japanese sentence hangs on: (“A is B”). Take your time here. If this pattern feels natural, the next 24 lessons become much easier. Read each example out loud — the romaji line is there to help you until hiragana feels comfortable.

Lesson 1 at a glance

1. N1 は N2 です

“N1 is N2.” The basic sentence for names, jobs, and nationality.

2. ~じゃありません

“…is not…” The polite negative.

3. ~か

Add か to the end and the sentence becomes a question.

4. N も

“…also / too.” Replaces は.

5. N1 の N2

“N2 of N1” — the company you work for, the school you attend.

6. ~さん

A polite title after other people's names — never your own.

1. N1 は N2 です — “N1 is N2”

N1 は N2 です。

N1 is the topic — what you are talking about. N2 is what you are saying about it. です sits at the end and works like a polite “is / am / are”.

Read は as “wa”.
The hiragana は is normally “ha”, but when it is used as the topic particle it is always pronounced wa. This trips up nearly every beginner, so say it out loud a few times: = watashi wa.

Examples

Watashi wa Sara desu.

I am Sara.

Watashi wa Indo-jin desu.

I am Indian.

Nakamura-san wa sensei desu.

Ms. Nakamura is a teacher.

Watashi wa enjinia desu.

I am an engineer.

Nationality = country + 人じん.
日本にほん → 日本人にほんじん (Japanese person), ネパール → ネパール人じん (Nepali), インド → インド人じん (Indian), アメリカ → アメリカ人じん (American).
Japanese has no “a / the” and no singular / plural. can be “is a teacher”, “is the teacher”, or “are teachers” — context tells you which.

2. N1 は N2 じゃありません — “N1 is not N2”

N1 は N2 じゃ ありません。

To make the negative, replace です with じゃありません. In writing and formal speech you will also see ではありません — same meaning, just a little more formal.

AffirmativeNegative
Spoken (normal)
Written / formal

Watashi wa Rin ja arimasen. Sara desu.

I'm not Lin. I'm Sara. (when someone mixes up your name)

Tomu-san wa Nihon-jin ja arimasen. Oosutoraria-jin desu.

Tom isn't Japanese. He's Australian.

Raju-san wa isha dewa arimasen.

Raju is not a doctor. (more formal)

3. ~か — making a question

N1 は N2 です か。

This is the easiest grammar in the whole book: put か at the end and raise your voice slightly. The word order does not change at all. Japanese does not use “?” in formal writing — the か already shows it is a question, so a normal 「。」 is fine.

Yes / no questions

Takahashi-san wa kaishain desu ka.

Is Mr. Takahashi an office worker?

Hai, kaishain desu.

Yes, he is.

Iie, kaishain ja arimasen. Ginkouin desu.

No, he isn't. He's a bank clerk.

Questions with a question word

Put the question word exactly where the answer will go. The answer simply replaces it.

Ano hito wa dare desu ka.

Who is that person?

Ano hito wa Kobayashi-san desu.

That's Mr. Kobayashi.

Rin-san wa nan-sai desu ka.

Lin, how old are you?

Nijuuissai desu.

I'm 21.

だれ vs どなた: both mean “who”. is the polite version — use it about people you should be respectful to.
何歳なんさい vs おいくつ: both ask age; is softer and more polite.
Asking someone directly, use their name — not あなた.
In English we say “How old are you?”, but Japanese speakers usually say the person's name + さん, even when talking to them. (you) can sound cold or too direct, so beginners should avoid it with people they don't know well.

4. N も — “also / too”

N1 も N2 です。

When the second thing is the same as the first, swap は for も. Don't use both together — is simply replaced.

Sara-san wa puroguramaa desu. Aniru-san mo puroguramaa desu.

Sara is a programmer. Anil is a programmer too.

A: Watashi wa gakusei desu.   B: Watashi mo gakusei desu.

A: I'm a student.   B: I'm a student too.

A: Is Tom Australian? B: Yes, he is. A: Is Emma Australian too? B: No, Emma isn't Australian. She's British.

Notice the last answer goes back to は. When the answer is “no”, the “also” idea is gone, so も no longer fits.

5. N1 の N2 — “N2 of N1”

N1 の N2

の links two nouns. The first noun describes the second one. In Lesson 1 we use it for the group someone belongs to — a company, a school, a department.

Remember the order: the “owner” or group comes first, the main noun comes last. English “an employee of Toyota” becomes — literally “Toyota's employee”.

Aniru-san wa Sakura Denki no shain desu.

Anil works for Sakura Electric. (lit. is a Sakura Electric employee)

Rin-san wa Touzai Daigaku no gakusei desu.

Lin is a student at Touzai University.

Watashi wa Sakura Byouin no kangoshi desu.

I'm a nurse at Sakura Hospital.

6. ~さん — the polite name title

さん goes after someone's name and covers Mr., Mrs., Ms., and Miss all at once. It works with family names and given names, for men and women.

Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu.

This is Mr./Ms. Tanaka. (introducing someone)

Yamada-san wa kaishain desu.

Mr./Ms. Yamada is an office worker.

is a polite “this person” used when you introduce someone. It sounds much nicer than pointing and saying “this”.
Never add さん to your own name.
❌
✅

The same goes for your own family members when you talk about them to others. さん is for showing respect to other people.
Which name gets さん?
If someone introduces themselves as , call them . If they tell you to use their first name, say . Only drop さん once you are genuinely close friends.

7. Putting it together: 自己紹介じこしょうかい (self-introduction)

On your first day at a Japanese school or company, you will almost certainly be asked to do a short . Here is a simple, natural one built only from Lesson 1 grammar.

Hajimemashite.

Nice to meet you. (said the first time you meet)

Watashi wa Aniru desu.

I'm Anil.

Neepaaru kara kimashita.

I'm from Nepal. (literally “I came from Nepal”)

ABC Nihongo Gakkou no gakusei desu.

I'm a student at ABC Japanese Language School.

Douzo yoroshiku onegai shimasu.

I look forward to working with you / Please be kind to me.

Tips: bow slightly on はじめまして and again on よろしくお願いします. Once you've said once, you can drop it in the following sentences — Japanese leaves out anything that is already obvious. is a fixed phrase for now; you will learn why it works in Lessons 4 and 5.
Asking someone's name:
A: (O-namae wa?) — Your name is…?
B: — It's Lin.
A: — Lin? Nice to meet you.

8. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: reading the particle は as “ha”

Mistake 2: さん on your own name

Mistake 3: putting the nouns around の in English order

The group or owner always comes first.

Mistake 4: using は and も together

Mistake 5: answering “no” with はい

Q: (Are you a teacher?)
If you are not, answer — don't start with はい and then say the negative.

9. Cheat sheet

PatternMeaningExample
N1 は N2 ですN1 is N2
N1 は N2 じゃありませんN1 is not N2
~かQuestion
だれ / どなたWho
N もAlso / too
N1 の N2N2 of N1
~さんMr. / Ms. (others only)

10. Practice

A. Make it negative

B. Fill in the particle (は・も・の)

C. Translate into Japanese

  1. I am Sara.
  2. Is Mr. Tanaka a teacher?
  3. Who is that person?
  4. I'm a student at Tokyo University.
  5. I'm an engineer too.

D. Your turn

Write your own self-introduction using: はじめまして → name → country → school/company → よろしくお願いします.

Final memory map

Saying what something is

Saying what it isn't

Asking

Same as before

Where someone belongs