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← All Lessons 1–25

Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 5 · JLPT N5

Going, Coming, and Going Home

Say where you go with , “nowhere” with , how you travel with , who you go with using , ask , and add emphasis with .

How to use this lesson: Lesson 5 is built around three movement verbs: (go), (come), and (go back home). Each new particle answers one question about the trip: where? how? with whom? when?

Lesson 5 at a glance

1. Place へ 行きます

Where you go — direction.

2. どこ[へ]も 行きません

Not going anywhere.

3. Vehicle で

By train, by bus — and 歩いて (on foot).

4. Person と

With someone — or ひとりで (alone).

5. いつ

When?

6. ~よ

Telling the listener something new.

1. Place へ 行きます / 来ます / 帰ります

Place へ 行きます・来ます・帰ります
へ is read “e”. Just like は becomes “wa”, the particle へ is pronounced e. It marks the direction you're moving towards.

Konbini e ikimasu.

I'm going to the convenience store.

Sengetsu Nihon e kimashita.

I came to Japan last month.

Raigetsu kuni e kaerimasu.

I'm going back to my country next month.

Doko e ikimasu ka.

Where are you going?

来ます vs 行きます: is movement towards where the speaker is now. If you are in Japan, your family . If you are in Nepal, you .
帰ります is only for going back to where you belong — home, your country, your company.
You'll also hear instead of へ: . Both are correct. へ highlights the direction, に the destination.

2. どこ[へ]も 行きません — “I'm not going anywhere”

Question word + も + negative verb

Add も to a question word and use a negative verb: it becomes “not … at all”.

Doko [e] mo ikimasen.

Where are you going next week? — I'm not going anywhere.

I didn't go anywhere last week.

nowhere
nobody
nothing (Lesson 6)

3. Vehicle で — “by train, by bus”

Vehicle で 行きます・来ます・帰ります

Densha de ikimasu.

I'll go by train.

Basu de kimashita.

I came by bus.

Eki kara aruite kaerimashita.

I walked home from the station.

How do you get to work?

I go by bicycle.

On foot is — without で.
❌   ✅

4. Person と — “with someone”

Person / animal と V

Tomodachi to Yokohama e ikimashita.

I went to Yokohama with a friend.

Rin-san wa Sara-san to gakkou e ikimasu.

Lin goes to school with Sara.

Who did you go with? — I went alone.

Building a long sentence: the order is flexible, but a natural one is


Tomorrow I'm going to Kyoto by bus with a friend. Just remember: the verb stays at the end.

5. いつ — “when?”

Use いつ for a general “when”. Unlike , いつ takes no に.

When are you going to Osaka?

Next week.

When is your birthday?

September 20th.

Dates — the irregular ones

Others: number + にち

6. ~よ — “I'm telling you…”

よ marks information the listener doesn't know yet, or something you want to stress. Compare: = “we both know”, = “you didn't know this”.

Does this bus go to the station?

No, it doesn't. You want the next bus. (よ = helpful new information)

Tomorrow is a holiday, you know. (in case you forgot)

Too much よ can sound pushy, especially to a superior. Use it to help, not to correct people.

7. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: reading へ as “he”

= suupaa e.

Mistake 2: どこも with a positive verb

Mistake 3: いつに

Mistake 4: 帰ります for any place

帰ります only for your own home, country, or base.

8. Cheat sheet

QuestionParticleExample
Where to?
How?
With whom?
When?
Nowhere

9. Practice

A. Fill in the particle (へ・で・と・に・×)

  1. ×

B. Translate into Japanese

  1. I'm going to the bank tomorrow.
  2. I didn't go anywhere yesterday.
  3. How did you come here? — I walked.
  4. Who are you going to Kyoto with?
  5. When is your birthday?

Final memory map

Where?   How?   With whom?

When?

Nowhere / nobody