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← All Lessons 1–25

Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 3 · JLPT N5

Places, Directions, and Prices

Ask and say where things are with , use the polite words, ask where something was made, add polite , and ask when shopping.

How to use this lesson: Lesson 3 is your “out in the city” lesson: finding the toilet, the right floor in a department store, and asking the price. The こ・そ・あ・ど pattern from Lesson 2 now applies to places. By the end you'll have a full shopping conversation.

Lesson 3 at a glance

1. ここ・そこ・あそこ

here / there / over there

2. こちら・そちら・あちら

Polite versions, and “this way / that way”.

3. N は 場所 です

“N is (located) at…”

4. どこ / どちら

Where? Also: which country / company / school?

5. N1 の N2 (origin)

Italian shoes, an Apple phone.

6. いくらですか

How much is it?

1. ここ・そこ・あそこ — here / there / over there

Exactly the same logic as これ・それ・あれ, but for places.

NormalPoliteCasual
Here (near me)
There (near you)
Over there
Where?

Koko wa kyoushitsu desu.

This (place) is the classroom.

Asoko wa shokudou desu.

That place over there is the cafeteria.

こちら・そちら・あちら have two jobs:
1. A polite way to say here / there / over there (shop staff use them all the time).
2. Direction: = this way, = that way. When staff hold out a hand and say , they mean “this way, please”.

2. N は 場所 です — “N is at (place)”

N は ここ / そこ / あそこ / place です。

Turn the sentence around and you can say where something is. Still the same — B is now a place.

Toire wa asoko desu.

The toilet is over there.

O-tearai wa achira desu.

The restroom is over there. (polite — what staff say)

Kutsu uriba wa yon-kai desu.

The shoe department is on the 4th floor.

Takahashi-san wa shokudou desu.

Mr. Takahashi is in the cafeteria.

The last example works for people too. In Lesson 10 you'll learn another way (), but is perfectly natural.

Floor numbers — watch these sounds

1st floor6th
2nd7th
3rd ⚠8th
4th9th
5thbasement

Ask: — Which floor?

3. どこ / どちら — “where?”

N は どこ / どちら ですか。

Toire wa doko desu ka.

Where is the toilet?

It's over there.

Erebeetaa wa dochira desu ka.

Which way is the elevator? (polite)

It's that way.

Asking someone's country, company, or school

Japanese uses どこ / どちら here, where English uses “what” or “which”. It sounds polite and natural.

O-kuni wa dochira desu ka.

Which country are you from?

Nepal.

Kaisha wa dochira desu ka.

Which company do you work for?

Sakura Electric.

Gakkou wa doko desu ka.

What school do you go to? / Where is the school? (context decides)

4. N1 の N2 — made in / made by

Country / Company の Product

Furansu no wain

French wine (wine made in France)

Sonii no terebi

a Sony TV

Kore wa doko no tokei desu ka.

Where is this watch from? / Who makes this watch?

It's a Swiss watch.

asks for the country or the maker. The answer can be either — or .

5. お~ — the polite prefix

Put お in front of some nouns to sound polite. You mostly use it for things that belong to the other person.

Your name? — Which country are you from? — How old are you?

Don't add お to your own things when talking about yourself: (not ). Some words like お茶ちゃ and お金かね always take お, whoever they belong to.

6. いくらですか — “How much is it?”

N は いくら ですか。

Kono kaban wa ikura desu ka.

How much is this bag?

Sanzen happyaku en desu.

It's 3,800 yen.

Big numbers: think in 万 (10,000)

100300 / 600 / 800
1,0003,000 / 8,000
10,00050,000
100,0001,000,000
English groups numbers by thousands; Japanese groups by ten-thousands. 28,600 = 2 × 万 + 8,600 → .

7. Real life: buying a souvenir

Excuse me. Where is the souvenir section?

It's on basement level 1. (でございます is a very polite です used by shop staff)

Excuse me, what is this?

They're Japanese sweets.

Where are they from?

They're from Kyoto.

How much? — 1,200 yen.

OK, I'll take this, please.

(“…, please”) is the simplest way to buy something. Point, say , and you're done.

8. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: なん instead of どこ for companies and countries

Mistake 2: ここ + noun

Mistake 3: 三階 read as さんかい

It's . Most native speakers say it this way — and for “which floor”.

9. Cheat sheet: the full こ・そ・あ・ど family so far

こそあど
Thing
+ Noun
Place
Direction / polite

10. Practice

A. Choose the right word

B. Say these numbers

  1. ¥350
  2. ¥8,600
  3. ¥24,000
  4. ¥120,000

C. Translate into Japanese

  1. Where is the toilet? — It's over there.
  2. Which country are you from? (polite)
  3. Is this a Japanese car?
  4. How much is that bag (near you)?

Final memory map

Where is it?

It's here / there / over there

Where's it from?

How much?