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Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 6 · JLPT N5

Doing Things and Inviting People

Mark the object of a verb with , use the super-useful , say where an action happens with , and invite someone with and .

How to use this lesson: Until now you could only go places. Now you can do things there: eat, drink, read, watch, play. The two particles to master are を (what you act on) and で (where the action happens). Then you'll learn the polite way to ask a friend out.

Lesson 6 at a glance

1. N を V

The object: eat bread, drink tea.

2. N を します

Play soccer, have a party, do homework.

3. 何を しますか

What will you do? (なに vs なん)

4. Place で V

Where an action happens.

5. Vませんか

Won't you …? A polite invitation.

6. Vましょう

Let's …!

1. N を V — the object particle

N を V

を (pronounced “o”) marks the thing the action is done to. It almost never appears anywhere except as this particle.

Pan o tabemasu.

I eat bread.

Gyuunyuu o nomimasu.

I drink milk.

Maiasa nyuusu o mimasu ka. — Iie, mimasen.

Do you watch the news every morning? — No, I don't.

eatdrink
see, watchlisten, hear
readwrite
buytake (a photo)
meet (uses に!)smoke
takes に, not を: (I meet a friend).

2. N を します — the all-purpose verb

means “do”, but it combines with many nouns to make new meanings: play a sport, hold an event, do a task.

play soccer
play cards
have / throw a party
hold a meeting
do homework
do work
make a phone call
Some nouns attach directly: , . Both and are fine.

3. 何を しますか — and なに vs なん

What are you doing at the weekend?

I'm going shopping with a friend.

What did you do yesterday? — I didn't do anything.

When is 何 “なん” and when is it “なに”?
Use なん before sounds in the た, だ, な rows and before counters: .
Use なに before most other particles: .
Don't stress about it — your ear will learn it quickly.

4. Place で V — where the action happens

Place で N を V

Konbini de bentou o kaimasu.

I buy a bento at the convenience store.

I ate dinner at a restaurant.

Where did you take that photo?

In Asakusa.

へ vs で
— I go to the library. (movement)
— I study at the library. (action there)

5. Vませんか — “Won't you…? / Would you like to…?”

[一緒に] V ませんか。

It looks like a negative question, but it's actually a polite invitation. Asking negatively gives the other person an easy way to say no, which is why it sounds considerate.

Issho ni hirugohan o tabemasen ka.

Would you like to have lunch together?

Yes, that sounds good.

Shall we get a coffee together?

How to say no politely: Japanese people rarely say a flat “no”. (Saturday is a bit…) is enough — the trailing-off tells the listener it's a no.

6. Vましょう — “Let's …!”

V ましょう。

Use ましょう to suggest doing something together, or to accept an invitation with energy.

Let's take a short break.

A: Want to play tennis together on Sunday? B: Yes, let's!

ませんか vs ましょう for inviting: ませんか asks what the other person wants — softer. ましょう assumes they'll agree — use it once you know they want to, or among friends.

7. ~か — “Oh, I see” (falling tone)

A: I went to Yokohama yesterday. B: Yokohama, huh? Nice.

With a falling tone, isn't a question — it shows you've taken in the new information.

8. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: に instead of で for actions

Mistake 2: answering ませんか with いいえ

Q:
If you want to go, say or — not “いいえ、行きません” thinking it's a negative question.

Mistake 3: 会います with を

9. Cheat sheet

PatternMeaningExample
N を Vobject
N を しますdo / play / hold
Place で Vat (action)
Vませんかwon't you…?
Vましょうlet's…
何も + neg.nothing

10. Practice

A. を・で・へ・に

B. Invite someone

  1. Invite a friend to watch a movie together.
  2. Accept: “Yes, let's watch it.”
  3. Politely decline: “Tomorrow is a bit…”

C. Translate into Japanese

  1. What did you do on Sunday? — I played tennis with my friend in the park.
  2. I didn't drink anything this morning.

Final memory map

What do you act on?

Where does it happen?

Invite politely

Let's do it