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Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 7 · JLPT N5

Tools, Languages, Giving and Receiving

Say what you use to do something with , ask how to say a word in Japanese, give and receive with , and say you’ve done something — or haven’t.

How to use this lesson: This lesson gives you one of the most useful classroom questions in Japanese: Use it every time you're stuck on a word. Then, giving and receiving: pay attention to who is the topic of the sentence.

Lesson 7 at a glance

1. N で V

With / using a tool or language.

2. ~語で何ですか

How do you say … in Japanese?

3. あげます・もらいます

Give / receive (also teach, lend, borrow).

4. もう~ました

Already did — or まだです.

1. N で V — using a tool or means

Tool / means で V

In Lesson 5, meant “by (vehicle)”. The same idea extends to anything you use: chopsticks, a pen, a language, email.

Naifu to fooku de tabemasu.

I eat with a knife and fork.

Nihongo de meeru o kakimashita.

I wrote the email in Japanese.

Sumaho de shashin o torimasu.

I take photos with my phone.

What do you write with? — With a ballpoint pen.

2. 「word」は ~語で 何ですか — “How do you say…?”

「word」は [language]語 で 何ですか。

“Excuse me” wa Nihongo de nan desu ka.

How do you say “excuse me” in Japanese?

It's “sumimasen”.

What is “itadakimasu” in English?

Hmm, that's a little difficult. Something like “Let's eat”. (Some words have no exact translation!)

Your survival kit for the classroom (and work):
— What's this called in Japanese?
— Once more, please.
— Slowly, please.

3. あげます / もらいます — give and receive

あげます — give

Giver は Receiver に N を あげます。

Watashi wa Rin-san ni chokoreeto o agemashita.

I gave Lin some chocolate.

もらいます — receive

Receiver は Giver に / から N を もらいます。

Watashi wa Takahashi-san ni (kara) omiyage o moraimashita.

I got a souvenir from Mr. Takahashi.

The key difference is the topic:
あげます → the giver is the topic (は).
もらいます → the receiver is the topic (は), and the giver gets に or から.
Same event, two viewpoints — like English “give” and “get”.

Verbs that work the same way

Giving side (Person に)Receiving side (Person に / から)
—

I lent Tom an umbrella.

I learn Japanese from Ms. Nakamura.

I'll call my mother.

When the giver is a company or school (not a person), use から, not に:

4. もう Vました / まだです — already / not yet

もう V ました。 / いいえ、まだです。

Mou chiketto o kaimashita ka.

Have you bought the ticket yet?

Yes, I've already bought it.

No, not yet.

Have you had lunch yet? (a friendly everyday question)

“Not yet” is , not . ませんでした means “I didn't (and that's over)”, while まだです means “I haven't yet, but I will”.

5. Real life: a birthday present

That's a nice tie.

Thank you. My wife gave it to me for my birthday.

Really? What did you give your wife?

Not yet. Her birthday is next month.

Notice (my wife) vs (someone else's wife). Japanese uses humble words for your own family and polite words for other people's.

6. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: wrong topic with もらいます

Mistake 2: “not yet” with the past negative

Mistake 3: 貸します and 借ります mixed up

Lend = (you give it out). Borrow = (you take it in). A trick: — send it out.

7. Cheat sheet

PatternMeaningExample
N で Vwith / in / by
「〜」は〜語で何ですかHow do you say…?
Person に あげますgive to
Person に/から もらいますreceive from
もう Vましたalready did
まだですnot yet

8. Practice

A. Rewrite with もらいます

B. Translate into Japanese

  1. I write my diary in Japanese.
  2. How do you say “goodbye” in Japanese?
  3. I borrowed an umbrella from my friend.
  4. Have you done your homework yet? — No, not yet.

Final memory map

Using something

Stuck on a word

Giver is the topic

Receiver is the topic

Already / not yet