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Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 9 · JLPT N5

Likes, Skills, and Giving Reasons

Meet the particle : say what you have, what you understand, what you like, and what you’re good at. Add degree words like and , and explain why with .

How to use this lesson: Some Japanese words — — mark their object with が, not を. Instead of trying to understand why, just learn them as a set: “N が 好きです”. After this lesson you can talk about yourself in a much more personal way.

Lesson 9 at a glance

1. N が あります

I have … (things, plans, time).

2. N が わかります

I understand …

3. 好き・上手

Like / dislike, good at / bad at.

4. ~から / どうして

Because … / Why?

1. N が あります — “I have N”

[私は] N が あります。

Kuruma ga arimasu.

I have a car.

Kyou wa youji ga arimasu.

I have something to do today.

Do you have time? — Sorry, I'm a little…

Do you have children? — Yes, two. (people → います, see Lesson 10)

2. N が わかります — “I understand N”

Nihongo ga wakarimasu ka.

Do you understand Japanese?

Yes, a little.

I don't understand kanji at all.

❌   ✅

3. 好き・嫌い・上手・下手 — likes and skills

N が 好き / 嫌い / 上手 / 下手 です。
likedislike
good atbad at

All four are な-adjectives — so the negative is じゃありません.

Watashi wa karai ryouri ga suki desu.

I like spicy food.

I don't really like studying.

Lin is a good singer.

I'm bad at dancing.

What kind of music do you like? — I like J-pop.

Don't call yourself 上手. It sounds like bragging. Use it to compliment others. When someone says , the humble reply is (No, I still have a long way to go.)
嫌きらい is strong. In real conversation, people usually soften it: (I'm not a big fan).

4. How much? Degree and amount words

With わかります (degree)With あります (amount)
Positive verb
Negative verb

I understand English well.

I have no money at all.

5. S1 から、S2 — “because…” and どうして

Reason から、Result。

English puts “because” before the reason. Japanese puts から after the reason, and the reason comes first.

Ame desu kara, kyou wa dekakemasen.

It's raining, so I won't go out today.

I don't understand Japanese, so I study every day.

どうして — “Why?”

Why were you off yesterday?

Because I had a fever.

I'm going home early today. — Why? — Because it's my child's birthday.

You can answer どうして with just the reason + から. If you don't want to repeat the question, is a neat way to ask “why?”.

6. Real life: turning down an invitation

Want to go to karaoke tomorrow?

Sorry. I've got something on tomorrow, so…

I see. That's a shame.

Please ask me again next time.

7. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: を with 好き

Mistake 2: English order with から

Mistake 3: 好くないです

8. Cheat sheet

PatternMeaning
have N
understand N
like / dislike N
good / bad at N
because…, so…
why…?

9. Practice

A. を or が?

B. Join with から

  1. I'm tired / I'll go to bed early.
  2. I don't have money / I won't buy it.

C. Translate into Japanese

  1. What kind of movies do you like?
  2. I don't understand kanji at all.
  3. Why are you studying Japanese? — Because I'm going to work in Japan.

Final memory map

The が-words

How much?

Reasons