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Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 10 · JLPT N5

There Is, There Are, and Where Things Are

Say that something exists with (things) and (people and animals), describe where it is, use position words like , and list examples with .

How to use this lesson: Two questions decide everything here: Is it alive? (います or あります) and What's the focus? — are you telling someone what is in a place, or where a known thing is? Look around your room and describe it as you study.

Lesson 10 at a glance

1. あります・います

There is (thing / living being).

2. Place に N が

What is in this place?

3. N は Place に

Where is the thing?

4. Position + や

On, under, next to … and lists.

1. N が あります / います

VerbUsed forExamples
things that don't move by themselves: objects, plants, buildings, events
living things that move: people, animals, insects

Konbini ga arimasu.

There is a convenience store.

Onna no ko ga imasu.

There is a girl.

There is a cat.

Easy test: could it walk away on its own? Then it's います. A robot or a taxi? Still あります — it isn't alive.

2. Place に N が あります / います — “In (place) there is…”

Place に N が あります / います。

Use this when the place is known and you're telling the listener what is there. The place takes に, the thing takes が.

Watashi no heya ni beddo to tsukue ga arimasu.

There's a bed and a desk in my room.

Mr. Takahashi is in the office. (lit. In the office there is Mr. Takahashi.)

What's on the ground floor of this building? — There's a café.

Who is at reception? — Mr. Kobayashi is.

The question words and take が, never は: ❌ ✅ .

3. N は Place に あります / います — “N is in (place)”

N は Place に あります / います。

Flip it round when the thing is already known and you want to say where it is. Now the thing is the topic (は).

Kinkakuji wa Kyouto ni arimasu.

Kinkaku-ji (the Golden Pavilion) is in Kyoto.

Where is the manager? — In the meeting room on the 3rd floor.

Where is the station? — Over there. (Lesson 3 style is fine for short answers)

Compare the two:
— There are children in the park. (new information: children)
— The children are in the park. (new information: the park)

4. N1 の Position — on, under, next to…

N1 の 上 / 下 / 前 / 後ろ / 中 / 隣 … に
on, aboveunder, below
in front ofbehind
rightleft
insideoutside
next to (same kind)near
between (A と B の間)

Teeburu no ue ni kagi ga arimasu.

There are keys on the table.

The convenience store is next to the hospital.

The dog is behind the car.

The bank is between the bookshop and the bakery.

Position words are nouns, so they can take で for actions too: (I met a friend in front of the station.)

5. N1 や N2 [など] — “things like A and B”

lists everything. gives a few examples and implies there are more. Add (etc.) to make it clear.

In the box there are things like letters and photos.

There are eggs and milk in the fridge. (only those two)

6. ~ですか — checking what you heard

A: Excuse me, where is Sakura Bank? B: Sakura Bank? It's inside that white building.

Repeating the key word + ですか shows you heard correctly before you answer.

7. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: あります for people

Mistake 2: で for existence

“Being” somewhere → に. “Doing” something somewhere → で.

Mistake 3: English order for positions

8. Cheat sheet

You want to say…Pattern
What is in a place
Where a thing is
Exact position
Examples of things

9. Practice

A. あります or います?

B. Translate into Japanese

  1. There's a convenience store near the station.
  2. Where is my phone? — It's on the table.
  3. Who is in the room? — Nobody is there.

Final memory map

Alive?

What's there?

Where is it?

Exact spot