All Blogs
Do You Really Need JLPT N2 for Gijinkoku Visa? Full Explanation (No Confusion) Japan Work Visa New Rules 2026: What Changed for Gijinkoku Visa? How to Renew a Japan Work Visa — How to Fill the Application Form + Complete Guide (Excel/PDF Download) Practical Guide to Landing IT Jobs in Japan Without Japanese Skills How I Found My First Web Developer Job in Japan Without Speaking Japanese Japan Work Visa Requirements: What You Need to Know The Best Cities to Work in Japan for Foreigners Hand-Cash Jobs in Japan: Timing, Risks & Visa Impact Top 10 Companies Hiring Foreigners in Japan Right Now
Menu

← All Lessons 1–25

Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 8 · JLPT N5

Describing Things with Adjectives

Meet the two adjective families — and — make them negative, put them in front of nouns, add or , and ask and .

How to use this lesson: Japanese adjectives behave a little like verbs — they change their endings. The whole lesson comes down to one question: is it an い-adjective or a な-adjective? Once you know that, every form follows a simple rule.

Lesson 8 at a glance

1. Two types

い-adjectives and な-adjectives.

2. Negative

~くないです / ~じゃありません

3. Adj + Noun

4. どう / どんな

How is it? What kind of…?

1. い-adjectives and な-adjectives

い-adjectives (end in い)な-adjectives

Kono heya wa hiroi desu.

This room is spacious.

Nakamura-san wa shinsetsu desu.

Ms. Nakamura is kind.

The trap: a few な-adjectives end in い too — . They look like い-adjectives but they aren't. Learn these by heart.

2. Making them negative

AffirmativeNegativeRule
い-adj.drop い → くないです
い-adj. (いい)⚠ irregular
な-adj.same as nouns

Kyou wa samukunai desu.

It's not cold today.

Ano mise wa amari yuumei ja arimasen.

That shop isn't very famous.

This computer isn't very good.

とても and あまり

= very (with positive sentences). = not very (only with negative sentences).

Hokkaido is very cold.

This food isn't very tasty.

3. Adjective + noun

い-adj. + N / な-adj. な + N

Put the adjective in front of the noun. い-adjectives go straight in. な-adjectives need な — that's where their name comes from.

Sapporo wa ookii machi desu.

Sapporo is a big city.

Kamakura wa shizuka na machi desu.

Kamakura is a quiet town.

Koko wa benri na tokoro desu.

This is a convenient place (to live).

4. N は どうですか / N1 は どんな N2 ですか

どうですか — “How is it?”

Asks for your impression or opinion of something you've experienced.

Atarashii shigoto wa dou desu ka.

How is your new job?

It's interesting. But it's a bit busy.

どんな N ですか — “What kind of N?”

Asks someone to describe something. is always followed by a noun.

Fukuoka wa donna machi desu ka.

What kind of city is Fukuoka?

It's a beautiful city.

5. S1 が、S2 — “…, but …” & どれ

Kono heya wa hiroi desu ga, eki kara tooi desu.

This apartment is spacious, but it's far from the station.

My work is busy, but it's interesting.

Which one is Lin's bag? — That black one.

here means “but” and joins two sentences. Don't confuse it with the subject particle が you'll meet in Lesson 9. at the start of a new sentence also means “but”.

6. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: きれい treated as an い-adjective

Mistake 2: いくない

Mistake 3: な with an い-adjective

Mistake 4: あまり with a positive

7. Cheat sheet

い-adjectiveな-adjective
is
is not
+ noun

= how is it? ・ = what kind of N? ・ = …, but …

8. Practice

A. Make these negative

B. Adjective + noun

  1. a new car ()
  2. a famous person ()
  3. a convenient place ()

C. Translate into Japanese

  1. What kind of city is Tokyo? — It's a lively city.
  2. How is your Japanese class? — It's difficult, but interesting.

Final memory map

い-adjective

な-adjective

Very / not very

Ask for impressions