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← All Lessons 1–25

Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 2 · JLPT N5

This, That, and Whose Is It?

Point at things and ask what they are with , describe them with , answer briefly with , offer choices, and say who owns something with .

How to use this lesson: Lesson 2 is all about the things around you. Pick up real objects as you study — your phone, a pen, a book — and say the sentences while pointing. The こ・そ・あ system you learn here comes back again and again, so it's worth getting the feel for it now.

Lesson 2 at a glance

1. これ・それ・あれ

“this one / that one / that one over there” — used alone.

2. この・その・あの + N

“this book / that bag” — always followed by a noun.

3. そうです

A short “yes, that's right” / “no, it isn't”.

4. ~か、~か

“Is it A or B?” — a choice question.

5. N1 の N2

A book about cars, my bag — and dropping the noun.

6. そうですか

“Oh, I see.” Showing you understood new information.

0. Quick review from Lesson 1

I'm a student. / I'm not a teacher. / Are you a student?

Everything in this lesson still uses A は B です. We are just learning new words to put in the A and B slots.

1. これ・それ・あれ — this / that / that over there

These words are nouns, so they can stand alone as the topic of a sentence. Which one you choose depends on where the thing is compared with the speaker and the listener.

WordWhere is the thing?English
Near me (the speaker)this (one)
Near you (the listener)that (one)
Far from both of usthat (one) over there
— question —which one (of 3 or more)

Kore wa hon desu.

This is a book.

Sore wa jisho desu ka.

Is that (near you) a dictionary?

Are wa nan desu ka.

What is that over there?

Are wa konbini desu.

That's a convenience store.

Answering about それ: if someone asks about the thing in your hand, it is now near you, so you answer with . The words follow the position, not the question.

2. この・その・あの + noun

この / その / あの + N

Same positions as これ・それ・あれ, but these cannot stand alone. They must be followed directly by a noun.

Kono sumaho wa watashi no desu.

This smartphone is mine.

Sono nooto wa Rin-san no desu.

That notebook (near you) is Lin's.

Ano hito wa dare desu ka.

Who is that person over there?

これ vs この
— This is a book.
— This book is mine.
If a noun comes right after, use この. If not, use これ.

3. そうです / そうじゃありません — short answers

When the question is “Is it X?” (a noun question), you don't have to repeat the noun. そうです means “That's right”, and そうじゃありません means “That's not right”.

Sore wa Nihongo no kyoukasho desu ka.

Is that a Japanese textbook?

Hai, sou desu.

Yes, it is.

Iie, sou ja arimasen.

No, it isn't.

What people actually say: in daily conversation, a “no” is very often (Iie, chigaimasu — “No, that's wrong”). You'll hear it far more than そうじゃありません.

4. ~ですか、~ですか — “Is it A or B?”

S1 か、S2 か。

Ask two questions back to back and you get a choice question. The listener answers with the right one — never with はい or いいえ.

Kore wa “shi” desu ka, “tsu” desu ka.

Is this シ (shi) or ツ (tsu)? — every beginner asks this!

It's ツ (tsu).

Sore wa ocha desu ka, koohii desu ka.

Is that tea or coffee?

It's tea.

❌
✅
It's a choice, not a yes/no question, so はい doesn't fit.

5. N1 の N2 — more uses of の

In Lesson 1, showed belonging to a group. It does much more:

A. “about” — what the thing is about

ryouri no hon

a cookbook (a book about cooking)

Kore wa nan no zasshi desu ka.

What is this magazine about? / What kind of magazine is this?

It's a soccer magazine.

B. Owner — whose it is

watashi no saifu / Tomu-san no jitensha

my wallet / Tom's bicycle

Kore wa dare no kaban desu ka.

Whose bag is this?

C. Dropping the second noun

When the noun is already clear, you can leave it out and just say N の. = mine, = Suzuki's.

Whose pen is that?

Takahashi-san no desu.

It's Mr. Takahashi's.

Kono kagi wa anata no desu ka.

Is this key yours?

No, it's not mine.

You can't drop the noun if it's a person.
Q:
❌
✅

6. そうですか — “Oh, I see”

Say そうですか with a falling tone when you hear something new and want to show you understood. It is not really a question.

A: Is this Lin's dictionary? B: No, it's Tom's. A: Oh, I see.

7. Real life: a break at work

Lessons 1 and 2 are already enough for a short, friendly chat with a colleague. Notice how nobody repeats the topic once it is clear.

Excuse me, what's that?

This? It's tea from Nepal.

Oh, Nepali tea?

Yes. Here, try some.

Thank you. …Is this book yours too, Anil?

No, it isn't mine. It's Ms. Nakamura's.

I see.

(“This?”) — repeating the word you were asked about gives you a second to think. shows mild surprise or interest.

8. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: この without a noun

Mistake 2: これ + noun

Mistake 3: using そうです with non-noun questions

そうです answers questions that end in noun + ですか. Later, with verbs and adjectives, you'll need to repeat the verb or adjective instead. For now: noun questions only.

Mistake 4: forgetting の between owner and thing

9. Cheat sheet

こ (near me)そ (near you)あ (far)ど (question)
Thing (alone)
+ noun

Short answers:

Choice:

Owner:

10. Practice

A. これ or この?

B. Answer the questions

C. Translate into Japanese

  1. What is that over there?
  2. This is a book about cars.
  3. That umbrella (near you) is mine.
  4. Is this coffee or tea?

Final memory map

Pointing at a thing

Pointing at a thing + naming it

Quick yes / no

A or B?

Whose / about what