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Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 20 · JLPT N5

Plain Style: Talking Like a Friend

Switch from polite to the plain style used with friends and family. Learn every plain form in one table, how casual questions work, and the little words like and that make speech sound natural.

How to use this lesson: You already know all the pieces: dictionary form (L18), ない-form (L17), た-form (L19). Lesson 20 puts them together into one system. Watch Japanese dramas or anime after this lesson — suddenly you'll understand much more of how friends really talk.

Lesson 20 at a glance

1. Polite vs plain

Who to use each with.

2. Plain forms

Verbs, adjectives, nouns — one table.

3. Casual speech rules

Questions, particles, うん, けど.

1. Polite style vs plain style

丁寧体ていねいたい polite style普通体ふつうたい plain style
Ends withplain forms (dictionary, ない, た…)
Use withstrangers, customers, superiors, people you've just metclose friends, family, colleagues of your age, children
Also used inbusiness email, announcementsdiaries, essays, newspapers, notes to yourself
When in doubt, stay polite. Switching to plain style too early can sound rude. A common sign: when a Japanese friend starts talking to you in plain style, it's usually OK to reply in plain style too.

2. Plain forms — the full table

PolitePlain
Verb (行いく)
present
negative
past
past negative
い-adjective (大おおきい)
present
negative
past
past negative
な-adjective (きれい) / Noun (雨あめ)
present
negative
past
past negative
Special cases:
→ plain negative is (not あらない).
→ .
Pattern endings follow too: , , , (, Lesson 31).

3. How casual conversation actually works

A. Questions: drop か, raise your voice

Ashita, kuru? — Un, iku.

Are you coming tomorrow? — Yeah, I'll be there. (Japanese says 行く — “go” — from the speaker's point of view)

B. Noun / な-adj. questions: drop だ

Are you free tonight? — Yeah. / Nope, I'm not.

In questions, disappears: ❌ ✅ . In statements, can sound blunt or masculine, so many speakers soften it: , or just .

C. Particles are often dropped

Want to eat? / Want to go to Kyoto tomorrow?

を, が, へ are often dropped. で, に, から, まで usually stay because they carry meaning.

D. はい / いいえ → うん / ううん

→
→
→

E. が (but) → けど

That curry is spicy, but tasty.

I've got two movie tickets — want to come? (けど introduces the topic)

F. Some words change

→
→the person's name, or
→

4. Same conversation, two styles

Polite (to a colleague you don't know well)

Plain (to a close friend)

Did you go anywhere at the weekend? — Yes, Kyoto. — How was it? — Really beautiful. But it was crowded.

5. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: だ in a casual question

Mistake 2: mixing styles in one sentence

Verbs can't take です directly. (い-adjectives can: おいしいです.)

Mistake 3: plain style with your boss

Plain style with a superior or customer sounds rude. Keep です・ます at work unless your colleague clearly switches first.

6. Practice

A. Change to plain form

B. Rewrite this in plain style

Final memory map

Verbs

い-adj. ・ な-adj. / N

Casual talk