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Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 21 · JLPT N5

Saying What You Think and What Others Said

Give your opinion with , report someone’s words with , check that the listener agrees with , and talk about events with .

How to use this lesson: From now on, the plain forms from Lesson 20 appear inside polite sentences. The pattern is always: [plain-form sentence] + と + verb. Think of と as quotation marks that wrap the idea.

Lesson 21 at a glance

1. 〜と思います

I think (opinion / guess).

2. 〜と言いました

Direct and indirect quotes.

3. 〜でしょう?

…, right? (expecting agreement)

4. 〜で〜があります

An event takes place at…

1. Plain form + と思います — “I think…”

[plain form] と 思います。

A. Guessing what will happen

Ashita wa hareru to omoimasu.

I think it'll be sunny tomorrow.

I don't think this bus goes to the station.

I think the manager has already gone home.

B. Giving your opinion

I think this app is really useful.

I think Mr. Tanaka is a good teacher.

C. Asking someone's opinion: ~についてどう思いますか

What do you think about trains in Japan?

They're convenient, but I think they're a bit crowded in the morning.

I think prices in Japan are high. — I think so too. / I don't think so.

Don't forget だ after な-adjectives and nouns in the present tense:
❌   ✅
Why Japanese uses this so much: adding と思います makes an opinion sound softer and less pushy. It's very common in meetings and job interviews.

2. 「…」と言います / Plain form と言いました — quoting

A. Direct quote — exact words in 「 」

Before eating, we say “itadakimasu”.

Mr. Takahashi said, “I'm going to Osaka on business next week.”

B. Indirect quote — plain form, no 「 」

Takahashi-san wa raishuu Oosaka e shucchou suru to iimashita.

Mr. Takahashi said he's going to Osaka on business next week.

The teacher said there's a test tomorrow.

The quoted part keeps its own tense. Even though is past, the trip is still in the future, so it stays .

3. ~でしょう? — “…, right?”

[plain form (no だ)] でしょう? ↗

With a rising tone, it checks that the listener knows or agrees. A little softer than ね.

You're going to the party tomorrow, right? — Yes, I am.

Kathmandu must have been cold, right? — No, not that cold.

It's quiet around here, isn't it? (な-adj.: drop だ)

4. Place で Event が あります — “(an event) takes place at…”

When means “an event happens”, the place takes で (it's an action), not に (Lesson 10, where something just exists).

There's a fireworks festival in Yokohama next month.

Where is the meeting? — In the meeting room on the third floor.

— There's a pond in the park. (exists)
— There's a festival in the park. (takes place)

Occasion で

Did you give any opinions at the meeting?

5. Real life: after a meeting

What did the department head say?

He said we'll use a new system from next month.

I see. What do you think about it? — I think it'll be convenient, but hard at first.

6. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: polite form before と思います

Mistake 2: negative opinion in the wrong place

“I don't think it'll rain” — Japanese usually puts the negative inside the thought.

Mistake 3: だ before でしょう

7. Cheat sheet

PatternMeaningExample
I think
What do you think about…?
said “…”
said that…
…, right?
event takes place

8. Practice

A. Add ~と思います

B. Translate into Japanese

  1. Sara said she will go back to her country next month.
  2. What do you think about Japanese food?
  3. There's a concert at the park on Sunday.

Final memory map

My opinion / guess

What someone said

Right?

An event happens at