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← All Lessons 1–25

Minna no Nihongo - Lesson 25 · JLPT N5

If, When, and Even If

The last lesson of Part 1: make conditions with (“if” and “when”), say “even if” with , and add emphasis with and . Then you’re ready for Part 2 and JLPT N4.

How to use this lesson: If you know the た-form (Lesson 19) and the て-form (Lesson 14), this lesson is mostly about meaning, not new shapes: and . is the most flexible “if” in Japanese, so if you only master one conditional, make it this one.

Lesson 25 at a glance

1. 〜たら (if)

If it rains, …

2. Vたら (when)

When / after it's done, …

3. 〜ても

Even if …

4. もし・いくら

If (emphasis) / no matter how

1. Making the たら-form

plain past form + ら
TypePlain pastたら-formNegative
Verb
Verb
い-adj.
な-adj.
Noun
Even though it's built from a past form, is not past. The ら just turns “it happened” into “if / when it happens”.

2. ~たら — “if…”

[condition] たら、[result]

Ame ga futtara, shiai wa chuushi desu.

If it rains, the match will be cancelled.

Takarakuji ga atattara, ie o kaimasu.

If I win the lottery, I'll buy a house.

If it's cheap, I want to buy a computer.

If you're free, please help me.

If the weather isn't good, I won't go to the beach.

Why たら is so useful: unlike と (Lesson 23), the second half can be anything — a wish (〜たい), a request (〜てください), an invitation (〜ませんか), or a decision.

3. V-たら — “when / after (it's certain to happen)”

When the condition is sure to happen, たら means “when / once X is done, then Y”.

Kaigi ga owattara, hirugohan o tabe ni ikimashou.

When the meeting's over, let's go and get lunch.

As soon as I get home, I take a shower.

Please call me when you arrive at the station.

Once my Japanese gets good, I want to work for a Japanese company.

Don't use たら for “when” in the past about a one-off event you controlled. Use とき instead:
△
✅

4. ~ても / ~でも — “even if…”

V-て も / い-adj. くても / な-adj. / N でも

The opposite of たら: the expected result doesn't happen, or nothing changes.

Verb
い-adj.
な-adj.
Noun

Kaze o hiite mo, kaisha o yasumimasen.

Even if I catch a cold, I don't take time off work.

Even when I look it up in a dictionary, I don't understand the meaning.

Even if it's cheap, I won't buy this phone. It's old.

Even on Sundays, I have to work.

— If it's cheap, I'll buy it.
— Even if it's cheap, I won't buy it.

5. もし and いくら — adding emphasis

もし ~たら — “if (by any chance)”

at the start warns the listener that an “if” sentence is coming. It's optional but common.

If it's sunny tomorrow, let's go to the beach.

If you can't find the way, give me a call.

いくら ~ても — “no matter how (much)…”

No matter how much I practise, I don't get any better.

No matter how cheap it is, I don't buy things I don't need.

However busy I am, I call my family every day.

Remember: もし goes with たら, いくら goes with ても. And in Lesson 26 (Part 2) you'll meet (What should I do?) — built straight from this lesson.

6. N が inside a conditional clause

As with とき and noun-modifying clauses, the subject inside a たら / ても clause takes が.

When my friend comes, we'll go out together.

I cleaned my room before my friend came. (main topic は, clause が)

7. Real life: a farewell party

You're going back home next month. We'll miss you.

Me too. But even after I go back, I'll keep studying Japanese.

If I go to Nepal, can I contact you?

Of course. When you come, I'll show you around Kathmandu.

8. Common mistakes

Mistake 1: dictionary form + ら

Mistake 2: な-adj. + くても

Mistake 3: いくら with たら

9. Cheat sheet

PatternMeaningExample
if
when / after
even if
if (by chance)
no matter how

10. Practice

A. Make the たら-form and the ても-form

B. たら or ても?

C. Translate into Japanese

  1. If you don't understand, please ask me.
  2. When I get to Tokyo, I'll send you an email.
  3. Even if it's expensive, I want to go to Japan.

Final memory map — and congratulations!

If / when

Even if

Emphasis

You've finished all 25 lessons of Minna no Nihongo Part 1 — that's the full JLPT N5 grammar. Next stop: Lesson 26 and JLPT N4.