Onyomi: トウ · Kunyomi: い.てる, こお.る, こご.える, こご.る, し.みる · Meanings: congeal, frozen, refrigerate
Kanji for congeal, frozen, refrigerate
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凍 is made from 冫 (ice) on the left and 東 on the right. 冫 represents ice, cold, or freezing. 東 means east, the direction where the sun rises, but here it mainly gives sound and structure. When water is exposed to extreme cold, it turns into ice. From the idea of ice causing things to harden and stop moving, 凍 came to mean to freeze or be frozen.
凍 is water turning into ice — freezing.
Imagine water covered with ice (冫), becoming stiff and unable to move. That frozen state is 凍.
| Word | Reading | Meaning | Meta |
|---|---|---|---|
| 氷 | こおり | ice | common JLPT-N3 Noun |
| 凍る | こおる | to freeze, to become frozen, to freeze over | common JLPT-N3 Godan verb with 'ru' ending, Intransitive verb |
| 凍える | こごえる | to freeze (of one's body), to be frozen, to become numb (with cold), to be chilled | common JLPT-N2 Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |
| 凍傷 | とうしょう | frostbite, chilblains | Noun |
| 凍結 | とうけつ | freezing (e.g. water) | common Noun, Suru verb, Intransitive verb |
| 凍死 | とうし | death from cold, freezing to death | Noun, Suru verb, Intransitive verb |
| 凍りつく | こおりつく | to freeze (to something), to be frozen (to) | Godan verb with 'ku' ending, Intransitive verb |
| 凍土 | とうど | frozen soil | Noun |
| 凍らす | こおらす | to freeze, to refrigerate | Godan verb with 'su' ending, Transitive verb |
| 凍てつく | いてつく | to freeze | Godan verb with 'ku' ending, Intransitive verb |
| 凍雨 | とうう | winter rain | Noun |
| 凍てる | いてる | to freeze, to freeze over | Ichidan verb, Intransitive verb |
| 氷漬け | こおりづけ | being frozen in ice | Noun |
| 氷餅 | こおりもち | mochi freeze-dried in the winter air | Noun |
| 氷鬼 | こおりおに | freeze tag (children's game) | Noun |